SOCIAL DISTANCING –
DO’S AND DON’T’S
The word Social Distancing is the hot topic at the moment,
be it government announcements, social media or the law enforcement agencies
all talking about, it a means of survival. let’s see what it actually means. Social
distancing, or physical distancing, is a set of infection control actions
intended to stop or slow down the spread of a contagious disease. The objective
of social distancing is to reduce the probability of contact between persons
carrying an infection, and others who are not infected, so as to minimize
disease transmission, morbidity and ultimately mortality.
With the spread of COVID-19 the importance of social
distancing has become an essential element of our lives. Social distancing is
most effective when an infection can be transmitted via droplet contact
(coughing or sneezing); direct physical contact, including sexual contact;
indirect physical contact (e.g., by touching a contaminated surface); or
airborne transmission (if the microorganism can survive in the air for long
periods). It may be less effective in cases where an infection is transmitted
primarily via contaminated water or food or by vectors such as mosquitoes or
other insects and less frequently from person to person. Drawbacks of social
distancing can include loneliness, reduced productivity and the loss of other
benefits associated with human interaction. Historically, leper colonies and
lazarettos were established as a means of preventing the spread of leprosy and
other contagious diseases through social distancing, until transmission was
understood and effective treatments invented.
Measures
In modern world Social distancing measures used to control
the spread of contagious illnesses like COVID-19 include:
·
School closure (proactive or reactive)
·
Workplace closure, including closure of
"non-essential" businesses and social services
("Non-essential" means those facilities that do not maintain primary
functions in the community, as opposed to essential services.
·
Isolation.
·
Quarantine
·
Cordon sanitaire
·
Protective sequestration
·
Cancellation of mass gatherings such as sports
events, films or musical shows.
·
Shutting down or limiting mass transit.
·
Closure of recreational facilities (community
swimming pools, youth clubs, gymnasiums)
·
"Self-shielding" measures for
individuals include limiting face-to-face contacts, conducting business by
phone or online, avoiding public places and reducing unnecessary travel
·
Greetings, Social distancing practices,
including gestures that avoid physical contact, reduce the risk of becoming infected
during flu pandemics. The gesture of placing one's palms together, fingers
pointing upwards, drawing the hands to the heart, is one non-touch alternative.
Other
alternatives include the wave, the shaka
(or "hang loose") sign, and placing a palm on your heart, as
practiced in parts of Iran, Turkey and other Muslim countries.
·
Wash your hands frequently, regularly and
thoroughly clean your hands with an alcohol-based hand rub or wash them with
soap and water.
·
Maintain social distancing, Maintain at least 1
meter (3 feet) distance between yourself and anyone who is coughing or
sneezing.
·
Avoid touching eyes, nose and mouth, as hands
touch many surfaces and can pick up viruses. Once contaminated, hands can
transfer the virus to your eyes, nose or mouth. From there, the virus can enter
your body and can make you sick.
·
Practice respiratory hygiene, make sure you, and
the people around you, follow good respiratory hygiene. This means covering
your mouth and nose with your bent elbow or tissue when you cough or sneeze.
Then dispose of the used tissue immediately.
·
If you have fever, cough and difficulty
breathing, seek medical care early
·
Stay home if you feel unwell. If you have a
fever, cough and difficulty breathing, seek medical attention and call in
advance. Follow the directions of your local health authority.
·
The right way is to work from home.
The parade was not the only reason for the difference in
death rates, but the figures show the importance of measures now known as
“social distancing” can have during pandemics. “Social distancing refers to a
way of creating a barrier of physical distance between two or more people so
that transmission of virus can be prevented or halted,” says Arindam Basu,
associate professor of epidemiology and environmental health at the University
of Canterbury, in New Zealand.
As compare to Spanish flu of 1918, Just over 100 years
later, the world is facing another pandemic, this time from a different virus –
the Covid-19 coronavirus. Today the global population stands six billion higher
than it did in 1918. While Covid-19 is different in many ways from the Spanish
flu – particularly in terms of who it affects and its mortality rate so far –
there is a very important lesson about the difference social distancing can
make. It might still be one of the best ways of fighting this pandemic.
With the spread of COVID-19 many countries around the world
are now experiencing different measures in an attempt to enforce social
distancing to slow the spread of Covid-19. They range from ending mass
gatherings, closing public spaces like leisure centres, pubs and clubs to
closing schools and in some places a total lockdown with people forced to stay
indoors.
Here one more important thing is to mention that there is a
lot of difference between isolation, quarantine and social distancing. While
self-isolation is a form of social distancing, there is an important
distinction to be made. Self-isolation and quarantine are aimed at preventing
people who are infected or are known to have had contact with people who are
infected from passing on the virus. Social distancing is a wider measure aimed
at stopping the kind of mixing of people that allows infections to spread
through a population.
But there is a good reason why social distancing has become
such an important strategy in controlling the Covid-19 pandemic.
Importance of social distancing is evident from the fact
that each person infected with the Covid-19 coronavirus is thought to pass it
on to an average of 2-3 other people in the early stages of an outbreak. This
contagiousness is measured by epidemiologists using something known as a
“reproduction number”.
Social distancing has to be maintained for quite a while as
COVID-q9 incubation period – the time between infection and symptoms appearing
– has been found to be around five days, although it can take up to 14 days for
symptoms to appear, according to research in China. If you are infected, and
continue to socialize as normal, it is likely you will pass the virus on to
between two and three friends or family members, who could each then go on to
infect a further 2-3 people. Within one month one case can lead to 244 other
cases in this way and in two months, this soars to 59,604.
The worse thing about this virus is that it also thought to
be able to spread from people who have been infected but yet to show any
symptoms. An estimated 1-3% of people who catch the disease will remain
asymptomatic. These people might not know to self-isolate, but if they observed
good social-distancing practices would be prevented from spreading the virus
unwittingly.
Based on all these things there is already some evidence
that staying at home, and maintaining a safe distance from others, can slow the
spread and stop this domino effect. Research looking at infections in Wuhan
showed that the introduction of large-scale control measures saw the reproduction
number in the city fall from 2.35 to almost one. When a reproduction number
reaches one, the number of cases will stop rising as effectively each infected
person is passing it on to just one other person.
One of the main aims of social distancing is to “flatten the
curve”, which means delaying the spread of the virus so it reaches people more
slowly. The scientists looked into two potential methods of tackling the
pandemic in simulations of the UK and the US populations. The first,
mitigation, focused on only socially isolating those most at risk and
quarantining those with symptoms. The second, suppression, involved everyone in
the population taking steps to social distance themselves while those with
symptoms and others in the household quarantine themselves at home.
The cycle does not stop here, the trouble is, when people
start meeting together again, the virus will start spreading and cases are
likely to rise. Which is why we may see a stop-start approach to social
distancing, where measures might be eased a little, allowing the number of
cases to rise before stricter measures are put back in place to keep infection
levels within the bounds of what health services can cope with.
In the last I would like to highlight few things that each
one of us should adhere strictly while exercising social-distancing during
COVID-19 pandemic.
IF YOU ARE WITH NO
SYPMTOMS:
·
AVOID GOING TO BARS AND RESTAURANTS
·
DON’T INVITE
FRIENDS OVER TO HOUSE FOR A DINNER PARTY OR A BOARD-GAME NIGHT.
·
STOP DATING.
·
DON’T GO TO THE GYM.
·
DON’T GO OUT GO FOR A WALK OUTSIDE WITH A FRIEND, AUNLESS
YOU STAY SIX FEET APART AND NEITHER OF YOU FEELS SICK.
·
AVOID MAXIMUM GOING TO THE GROCERY STORES.
·
AVOID PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION.
·
CANCEL EVENTS LIKE BIRTHDAY PARTIES AND
WEDDINGS.
·
AVOID VISITING ELDERLY RELATIVES?
·
CANCEL HAIRCUTS AND OTHER NONESSENTIAL
APPOINTMENTS.
·
AVOID COMMUNAL SPACES IN MY APARTMENT BUILDING?
·
LIMIT PHYSICAL INTERACTION WITH MY PARTNER, OR
OTHER PEOPLE I LIVE WITH.
·
DON’T TAKE KIDS TO A PLAYGROUND.
IF YOU ARE WITH
SYMPTOMS:
·
DURING WAITING OUT OF A 14-DAY QUARANTINE, DON’T HAVE VISITORS EVEN
THEY STAND FAR AWAY FROM YOU.
·
DON’T WALK AROUND OUTSIDE AT ALL WHEN I’M UNDER
QUARANTINE.
·
May God protect us all from COVID-19
and other epidemics and pandemics.
BY: OVAIS ASAD KHAN