Human Trafficking a Voodoo Hoodoo

Recent incident On 14 June 2023, when a fishing boat smuggling migrants sank in international waters in the Ionian Sea off the coast of Pylos, Messenia, Greece. The boat, which left Tobruk, Libya, on 10 June, carried an estimated 400 to 750 migrants, including more than 300 Pakistanis compelled me to write on Human Trafficking. Human trafficking is the illegal trade of human beings for the purposes of forced labor, sexual exploitation, organ harvesting, and illegal immigration. Unfortunately, Pakistan is one of the countries where human trafficking is a major problem. The victims of human trafficking are often vulnerable people, including women and children who are forced into prostitution, domestic servitude, or other forms of labor exploitation. While illegal immigrants are jobless youngsters or those who fell prey to the fantasy world stories of these smugglers. To counter human trafficking in Pakistan, it is important to increase public awareness of the issue and to provide education and job training to help prevent people from becoming victims. Law enforcement agencies can also work to identify and prosecute those involved in human trafficking and to provide support and services to victims. It is important to work together with governments, NGOs, and communities to put an end to the practice of human trafficking.

Human trafficking is a serious crime that violates basic human rights and exploits vulnerable people. Controlling human trafficking requires a coordinated effort and a multi-faceted approach, including prevention, protection, prosecution, and partnerships. This involves strengthening laws and policies, raising public awareness, and supporting victims and survivors. Governments, law enforcement agencies, civil society organizations, and individuals all have a role to play in combating human trafficking. Some of the key strategies include: -

I: Increasing awareness and education: Educating people about the dangers of human trafficking and how to recognize it is crucial. This can be done through awareness campaigns, training for law enforcement, and community education programs.

 Ii: Strengthening laws and policies: Governments need to enact laws that criminalize human trafficking and ensure that perpetrators are brought to justice. They also need to ensure that victims are protected and receive the support they need.

Iii: Supporting victims and survivors: Victims of human trafficking need access to medical care, counseling, and legal assistance. Governments and NGOs can provide these services to help survivors rebuild their lives.

Iv: Partnering across Sectors and Borders: Addressing human trafficking requires a coordinated effort across different sectors and borders. Governments, NGOs, civil society organizations, and the private sector must work together to share information, coordinate efforts, and develop effective strategies to combat trafficking.

Overall, controlling human trafficking requires a long-term commitment and a multi-faceted approach. It's a complex problem that requires a comprehensive response from all stakeholders.

In addition, Human trafficking is a serious violation of human rights and poses several ethical, social, and legal challenges to Pakistan. From an ethical perspective, human trafficking involves exploiting vulnerable people for profit, which is morally wrong and goes against the value of human dignity. Socially, human trafficking can lead to the breakdown of families and communities, as well as the spread of diseases and other health problems. Legally, human trafficking is a crime that violates national and international laws and requires law enforcement and legal measures to address it.

In Pakistan, human trafficking has been a significant challenge due to various factors, such as poverty, lack of education, political instability, and corruption. Women and children are particularly vulnerable to trafficking, and they are often forced into prostitution, domestic servitude, or forced labor. The government and civil society organizations are working to address human trafficking through various awareness-raising campaigns, rescue operations, and legal actions against traffickers. However, more needs to be done to prevent trafficking, protect victims, and prosecute perpetrators.

Besides all, the issue of young individuals escaping Pakistan through illegal means through human traffickers is posing a great challenge for the government. It's important to note that there can be various reasons for such incidents, including economic, social, and political factors. Governments, civil society organizations, and individuals need to work together to address the root causes of this issue and prevent it from happening in the first place. It's crucial to promote education and economic opportunities, as well as to raise awareness about the dangers of illegal migration and human trafficking.

I completely agree that human trafficking is a terrible crime and a violation of human rights. Unfortunately, it is a global issue affecting people from all walks of life, including those in Pakistan. Human trafficking can have devastating effects on individuals and their families, including physical and emotional harm, forced labor, and sexual exploitation. Human trafficking is a serious issue that has affected Pakistan for many years. It is believed that trafficking in Pakistan dates back to the early 20th century when women and children were forced into prostitution and other forms of exploitation. In recent times, trafficking in Pakistan has taken on different forms including forced labor, domestic servitude, and bonded labor. Many vulnerable individuals, including women and children, are lured into trafficking rings with promises of employment or better living conditions, only to find themselves trapped in abusive and degrading situations. There have been numerous efforts to combat human trafficking in Pakistan, including legislative measures, awareness campaigns, and the formation of specialized anti-trafficking units. However, trafficking remains a significant challenge, and there is still much work to be done to protect the rights and dignity of vulnerable individuals in Pakistan and around the world.

=Human trafficking can have a significant impact on a country's economy. Firstly, it is an illegal activity that generates huge profits for the traffickers, but at the same time, it represents a loss of human capital for the country. Trafficking victims often have their passports and other identification documents taken away, which makes it nearly impossible for them to find legitimate employment. They may then be forced into exploitative labor or sex work, which typically pays very little. This leads to a decrease in productivity and a decline in the overall economic output of the country. Furthermore, countries that are known to have high levels of human trafficking tend to have a decrease in foreign investment, as this is seen as a risk to businesses. In addition, the criminal activities associated with human trafficking, such as money laundering and bribery, can damage a country's reputation and make it less attractive to investors. Overall, human trafficking represents a significant threat to a country's economy, and governments must take action to prevent it and protect the victims.

Several international agencies are working to control human trafficking. The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) is one such agency. It works to support countries in preventing and combating human trafficking. The International Organization for Migration (IOM) is another agency that provides assistance to victims of trafficking and helps with their rehabilitation and reintegration. Additionally, the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) works to protect children from trafficking and exploitation. Many non-governmental organizations work to combat human trafficking and provide support to victims. Here are some of the major steps taken by these agencies:

i. Raising awareness: International agencies work to raise awareness about human trafficking so that people are more aware of the issue and can help prevent it.

ii. Developing policies: Agencies work to develop policies that prevent human trafficking, protect victims, and prosecute traffickers.

iii. Providing assistance: International organizations provide assistance to victims of human trafficking, including shelter, medical care, and legal support.

iv. Training and capacity building: International agencies provide training and capacity building for law enforcement, government officials, and other stakeholders to better understand human trafficking and how to combat it.

v. Research and data collection: International organizations conduct research and collect data on human trafficking to better understand the problem and develop effective solutions. These are just some of the major steps taken by international agencies to control human trafficking.

There are several ways to help victims of human trafficking. You can donate to organizations that provide support and services to trafficking survivors, such as medical care, counseling, and job training. You can also volunteer your time by raising awareness about the issue, educating others about how to recognize and report trafficking, and advocating for stronger laws and policies to combat trafficking. If you suspect someone is a victim of human trafficking, you can call law enforcement agencies to get help. Remember, it is important to never confront a suspected trafficker directly. Instead, report any concerns to law enforcement or a trusted authority. Human trafficking is a serious issue that requires our attention and action. Together, we can work towards creating a world where every individual is free and treated with dignity and respect. Let's raise awareness, support organizations working to combat human trafficking, and take steps to prevent it from happening in our communities.

LET’s PUT AN END TO HUMAN TRAFFICKING

By: OVAIS ASAD KHAN

Establishing a Startup Business in Pakistan

Today I am going to discuss how to Establish a Startup Business in Pakistan, it can be an exciting and challenging experience. There are several factors to consider when starting a new business, including the type of industry you want to operate in, the legal requirements, the market demand, and the availability of resources.

 Let’s take them one by one, some suggestions to help you get started:

1. Identify a profitable business idea: The first step is to identify a business idea that has the potential to be profitable. You can do this by researching the market demand, analyzing the competition, and identifying a unique selling proposition.

There are several profitable business ideas in Pakistan that you could consider. Here are a few with their pros and cons:

i. E-commerce website: Setting up an online store to sell products could be a lucrative business idea. Pros include low startup costs, the ability to reach a large audience, and the potential for high profits. Cons may include competition from other e-commerce sites and the need to develop a strong marketing strategy.

ii. Food business: With a diverse range of cuisines and a growing demand for food in Pakistan, starting a food business could be a great option. Pros include low startup costs, high demand, and the potential for repeat customers. Cons may include challenges with food safety and regulations and competition from other food businesses.

iii. Education and tutoring services: Providing education or tutoring services in Pakistan could be a profitable business idea. Pros include high demand, flexible working hours, and the ability to make a positive impact. Cons may include the need for specialized knowledge and expertise, as well as competition from other tutoring and education services.

iv. IT services: With a growing number of businesses and organizations in Pakistan, offering IT services such as website development and software solutions could be a lucrative business idea. Pros include high demand, the potential for long-term contracts, and the ability to work remotely. Cons may include the need for specialized technical skills and the need to keep up with rapidly evolving technologies.

2. Create a business plan: Once you have identified a business idea, the next step is to create a business plan. This plan should include your company's vision, mission, goals, financial projections, and marketing strategies.

A business plan is a written document that outlines your business goals, strategies, and plans for achieving those goals. It is a roadmap for your business and helps you to identify potential obstacles and opportunities.

To create a business plan for a startup in Pakistan, you should follow these steps:

i. Executive Summary: This is the overview of your business plan. It should briefly explain your business idea, the problem you are solving, the target market, and your revenue models.

ii. Business Description: This section should provide a detailed description of your business, including your legal structure, products or services, and the competitive landscape.

iii. Market Analysis: This section should include an analysis of your target market, including its size, demographics, competition, and market trends.

iv. Marketing and Sales Strategies: This section should outline your marketing and sales strategies, including how you plan to reach your target market, the pricing strategy, and the channels you will use to sell your products or services.

v. Operations and Management Plan: This section should detail how your business will operate, including your team structure, operations plan, and management philosophy.

vi. Financial Plan: This section should include your financial projections, which should detail your revenue, expenses, and profits.

vii. Appendices: Finally, you should include any relevant supporting documentation, such as resumes, legal documents, or market research. Creating a business plan can be challenging, but it is an essential step for any startup in Pakistan

3. Secure funding: Starting a business requires capital, and there are several ways to secure funding in Pakistan. You can approach investors, apply for government grants, or seek out loans from financial institutions.

Secure funding refers to obtaining financial support or investment for a business startup in a way that minimizes the risks involved for both the investor and the business owner. To generate secure funding for a business startup in Pakistan, there are several options available that you can consider.

i: One option is to approach angel investors or venture capitalists who are interested in investing in startups.

ii: Another option is to apply for business loans from banks or government agencies that support small and medium-sized enterprises. You could also consider crowdfunding, where you can get support from a large number of people who are interested in your business idea.

To increase your chances of securing funding, it's important to have a solid business plan and a clear understanding of your target market and competitive landscape. You should also be able to articulate your unique selling proposition and have a strategy in place for scaling your business. Overall, generating secure funding for a business startup in Pakistan requires careful planning, research, and persistence. But with the right resources and support, you can make your dream of starting a successful business a reality.

4. Register your business: To operate a legal business in Pakistan, you must register your company with the Securities and Exchange Commission of Pakistan (SECP) and obtain all the necessary licenses and permits.

To register a business startup in Pakistan, there are some basic requirements that need to be met. These requirements include obtaining a National Tax Number (NTN), registering with the Securities and Exchange Commission of Pakistan (SECP), and getting a business license from the relevant authorities.

Let me guide you through the process step-by-step.

i: Firstly, you need to get a National Tax Number (NTN) and register with the Federal Board of Revenue (FBR). You can obtain an NTN by applying online through the FBR's website or by visiting the nearest Regional Tax Office (RTO) or Tax Facilitation Center (TFC). You will need to submit your business's details, such as its name, address, and nature of business.

ii: Next, you need to register your company with the Securities and Exchange Commission of Pakistan (SECP). You can do this by submitting an application online or by visiting the SECP's office in person. You will need to provide details such as your company's name, address, and the nature of its business. Once you have obtained your NTN and SECP registration, you need to apply for a business license from the relevant authorities. The process for obtaining a business license may vary depending on the nature of your business and its location. For instance, if you are planning to start a restaurant, you will need to get a license from the local health department. As for the obstacles, the registration process can be time-consuming and complicated. You may need to hire a lawyer or consultant to help you navigate the process. Another challenge is the high cost of starting a business in Pakistan. To overcome these obstacles, you may want to consider applying for government grants or loans that can help you finance your startup. In conclusion, registering a business startup in Pakistan requires some effort and patience, but it is achievable. By following the steps outlined above, you can get your business up and running in no time.

5. Build a team: Your startup's success largely depends on the people you hire. You should build a team of talented, dedicated, and passionate individuals who share your vision and mission.

Building a team for a business startup in Pakistan is an exciting and challenging task. Here are some steps you can follow to build a strong team:

i. Define your business needs: The first step is to define your business needs and identify the skills required to achieve your goals.

ii. Create a job description: Based on your business needs, create a job description for each role that needs to be filled.

iii. Post job openings: You can post job openings on job portals, social media, and other platforms to attract talent.

iv. Conduct interviews: Conduct interviews to shortlist candidates based on their skills, experience, and cultural fit.

v. Check references: Before making a final decision, check references to ensure that the candidate has a good track record.

vi. Offer a competitive package: Offer a competitive package based on market rates and the candidate's skills.

vii. Build a strong company culture: Building a strong company culture is essential to retain talent and ensure their long-term commitment to your business. Remember, building a strong team takes time, effort, and patience. But, with the right approach, you can build a team that will help your business grow and thrive.

6. Market your business: You should develop a strong marketing strategy to promote your business and reach your target audience. Social media, digital marketing, and other advertising methods can increase brand awareness and generate leads.

There are several ways to market your startup business in Pakistan. Here are a few ideas:

i. Go online: With the advent of social media, it has become easier than ever to reach out to your target audience. You can use platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram to create a buzz around your business.

ii. Attend networking events: It's important to be visible to your potential customers and other industry professionals. Attend conferences, trade shows, and other events to connect with others and promote your business.

iii. Invest in SEO and PPC: Search engine optimization (SEO) and pay-per-click (PPC) advertising are effective ways to increase your business's visibility online.

iv. Collaborate with influencers: Working with influencers can help you reach a larger audience. Collaborate with influencers who have a following in your target market.

Challenges:

i. Limited advertising budgets: Many startups in Pakistan struggle with limited advertising budgets, making it difficult to compete with larger businesses.

ii. Lack of resources: Startups often have limited resources, which can make marketing a challenge.

Solutions:

i. Focus on targeted marketing: With limited budgets, it's important to focus on marketing tactics that are highly targeted to your ideal customer.

ii. Leverage technology: Technology can help you automate marketing tasks and make the most of your limited resources. I hope these ideas help you promote your startup business in Pakistan!

In conclusion, building a startup in Pakistan requires a lot of hard work, dedication, and perseverance, but with the right strategy and mindset, it can be a rewarding and profitable experience.

Good luck with your startup!

By: Ovais Asad Khan 

 

Smartphone a Blessing or a Curse

Smartphones also known as mobile or cell phones have become a part and parcel of our daily lives, no matter what age & income group we belong to, offering numerous benefits that make our lives easier and more convenient. From staying connected with loved ones to having access to a wealth of information, the benefits of owning a smartphone are virtually limitless. At the same time, the impact of smartphones on kids is a complex topic with both positive and negative aspects. On the positive side, smartphones have provided kids with access to a wealth of information, educational resources, and entertainment options. They have also made it easier for kids to stay in touch with their friends and family members, especially during times of social distancing and lockdowns. However, there are also negative impacts to consider.

On the other hand, Smartphones can be a source of distraction, leading to decreased attention spans, increased sedentary behavior, and even addiction. They can also expose children to inappropriate content, cyberbullying, and online predators. I recommend that parents actively monitor their kids' smartphone use and set appropriate boundaries. This could include limiting screen time, setting parental controls, and discussing staying safe online with kids. By balancing the positive and negative impacts of smartphones, we can ensure that our kids can benefit from this technology while also staying safe and healthy.

In a modern fast-paced world, staying connected and informed is a necessity. That is why with the rise of technology, smartphones have become an essential part of our lives. Some of the positive aspects which can be tagged with Smartphones are:

 1:  Source of Communication:

Smartphones have revolutionized the way we communicate. We can stay in touch with family and friends through voice calls, text messages, and video calls. We can also use social media platforms to connect with people from all over the world. Additionally, smartphones have made it easier to reach out to emergency services when needed.

2.       Element of Convenience:

Smartphones allow us to have all our necessary tools in one device. We can use our smartphones for communication, entertainment, navigation, and more. Smartphones also allow us to multitask and save time by completing multiple tasks at once.

3.       Power of Entertainment:

It gives us endless entertainment options. We can listen to music, watch movies and TV shows, play games, and read books. With the rise of streaming services, we can access all our favorite content on the go.

4.       Vast Platform of Information Access:

Access to a vast amount of information at our fingertips is all because of these phones. We can browse the internet, read news articles, and research any topic we are interested in. With them, we stay informed about world events and have access to information that was once only available through books and other physical resources.

5.       Enhance Productivity:

Resulting in multiple increases in our productivity. We can use productivity apps to create to-do lists, set reminders, and schedule appointments. Smartphones also allow us to work remotely and stay connected with our colleagues and clients.

6.       Assist in our Security:

Smartphones have also made it easier to stay safe and secure. We can use our smartphones to access emergency services and even use features such as location sharing to let our loved ones know where we are. Additional features such as fingerprint recognition and facial recognition help us to keep our devices and personal information secure.

7.       Better Quality of Health:

It contributes to our overall health and well-being. We can use health and fitness apps to track our exercise, monitor our diet, and even manage our mental health. Access to telemedicine services and speaking with healthcare professionals remotely also become possible with them.

8.       Impact of Social Media:

Social media has become an integral part of our lives, and smartphones make it easier to stay connected. We can use social media platforms to share our experiences, connect with others, and build communities.

9.       Improved Business Environment:

Smartphones are also used for business purposes. They allow us to work remotely and stay connected with our colleagues and clients. They offer features such as mobile payment options, making it easier to conduct business on the go.

10    Exposure to Advancements in Technology:

Smartphones have come a long way since their inception. Advancements in technology have made smartphones faster, more powerful, and more efficient, features such as voice assistants and augmented reality have made smartphones even more versatile.

11    Tools for Global Reach:

Connecting with people all around the world in no time and at a very minimal cost is another positive feature associated with Smartphones. With the rise of social media platforms and messaging apps, we can communicate with people from different countries around the World.

12    Ease of Affordability:

Smartphones have become more affordable over the years, making them accessible to a wider range of people. Many service providers offer payment plans and contracts that allow us to purchase a smartphone without breaking the bank.

The negative side of Smartphones Usage:

Parents may consider giving their teenagers mobile phones for security purposes. However, excessive smartphone use can disrupt your sleep, which can have a serious impact on your overall mental health. It can impact your memory, affect your ability to think clearly and reduce your cognitive and learning skills. Encouraging self-absorption, there is no doubt that a mobile phone is a handy tool. It eases communication with colleagues, friends, and relatives. But every technology that provides such benefits comes with a set of negative impacts. The impact of mobile phones on youth and society is immense. It is this area that requires attention when you are giving your teen a cell phone.

No doubt that Smartphones today have become both a boon and a curse for youngsters. Smartphones have been a great tool that children of all ages used to study, (especially during the pandemic), in a fun and engaging way, and to express their creativity, while also staying connected with friends and family, for safety and security, et cetera. On the other hand, excessive use of smartphones is bound to hurt your child’s overall health and development.

Let’s see how smartphone affects our lives, especially teenagers.

  Affects ability to Learn:

According to many researchers, the first and far most dangerous impact of Smartphones is that smartphones are detrimental to children’s social and economic development as the Child’s attention is diverted by their use of it. To be more specific, the use of interactive screen time on hand-held devices such as smartphones also impairs children’s development of the skills needed to learn math and science according to the findings of the research.

    Teen tendonitis (TTT)

Excess messaging can lead to Teen Tendonitis (TTT). Besides the common signs of neck pain and posture problems, it also causes pain in the hands and back. According to a five-year cohort study, excessive cell phone usage is known to result in musculoskeletal disorders such as tendonitis and first carpometacarpal arthritis in the forearm and thumb.

    Reason for Stress:

Research has found that excessive use of smartphones may result in an increased risk of mental health problems. Having a cell phone will tempt your teen to spend all day talking or texting instead of doing productive things. Studies have proven that teens who spend too much of their time with their cell phones are more prone to stress, anxiety, and depression.

     Leads to Sleep loss:

Most teens keep their cell phones nearby while sleeping to respond to texts and calls and remain reachable around the clock. This may lead to sleep disturbances and interruptions causing increased tiredness. Moreover, the blue light emitted by phone screens is believed to lower the levels of melatonin, thus interrupting the sleep cycle.

      Reason for Accidents:

Teens tend to attend calls and text while driving, which is proven to be dangerous. According to a survey, teens are more likely to be distracted than drivers of any other age. So, using a cell phone while driving should be a strict no.

       Risk of Tumors:

While we do not want to scare you with this information, the truth is that various studies show that there has been a risk of tumors for those who use smartphones excessively, though there is limited evidence to prove that, Researchers are certain that there is a possible increased risk involved when smartphones are used excessively.

       Source of Cyberbullying:

Cyberbullying is on the increase with more and more usage of Smartphones by teenagers. According to several studies and surveys, cyberbullying makes teenagers sad and unwilling to attend school. This study has also found that children who are cyberbullied have a higher risk of psychosomatic problems, such as frequent headaches, problems falling asleep, a higher rate of anxiety, and depression. Cyberbullying is much more difficult to identify than physical bullying as it tends to be more invisible. Also, the perpetrators can hide behind anonymity.

        Leads to Fake & Fantasy Life:

The latest developments in cell phones have made it easy for teenagers to access any information. Most of the things projected on social media and the Internet may not be accurate, but naive teenagers (at their age) might take them seriously and get influenced. This might lead them to live in a fantasy world and develop false prestige. Some may also resort to crimes to fulfill their fantasies.

         Eyesight Issues:

Excessive usage of cell phones is said to cause vision problems in teenagers. The symptoms of eye strain may include stress, redness, burning sensation, blurred vision, and dry eyes.

          Obesity:

Last but not least constant usage of cell phones may also cause obesity in teenagers, teens who spend more than 5 hours a day on cell phones are more likely to become obese, as they are more likely to get less sleep or exercise, resulting in obesity.

Balanced Approach of Smartphone Usage for Teenagers:

A balanced approach for youngsters using smartphones would involve setting limits on their usage, monitoring their activity, and encouraging them to engage in other activities as well. For example, parents could set a time limit on how long their child can use their smartphone per day, and encourage them to spend the remaining time engaging in physical activity, reading, or socializing with friends. Additionally, parents could monitor their child's smartphone activity to ensure they are not accessing inappropriate content or engaging in cyberbullying. Finally, parents could also encourage their children to use their smartphones for educational purposes, such as using educational apps or accessing online educational resources. Cell phones are not going anywhere, at least not anytime soon. So, you need to teach your teens about mobile phone safety and how to use it responsibly. They also need to have agreed boundaries for mobile phone usage. Here are some ways to avoid the adverse effects of cell phones on your children:

1:  Negotiate with them on what should be the acceptable amount of time and money spent on cell phones.

2)      Tell them to curb their impulse of replying to texts instantly.

3)      Ask them to turn off their cell phone while driving.

4)      Ask them to turn off their cellphone before going off to sleep to maintain a regular sleep schedule.

5)      Teach your teen that short to moderate conversations on cell phones might help in decreasing the ill effects to some extent. Encourage them to limit conversations to not more than 20 minutes a day.

6)      Encourage installation of apps, which track daily phone use. This enables the user to keep track of actual phone usage per day.

7)      Opt for a monthly plan that gives a structure for how many call minutes and text messages are available. If you are paying the bill, you can also have access to the mobile phone records, which will help you track how often your teen calls and sends messages and to which numbers.

8)      Ensure you set a good example by limiting your cell phone usage, as children tend to imitate or learn things more from parents.

9)      Establish a rule that the usage of cell phones is restricted to at least one hour before sleep.

10   Also, make sure your teenager keeps their cell phone away during meals or family gatherings.

11   Ensure your children spend some time daily in physical activities such as running, playing, or walking.

12   Encourage them to leave their cell phone behind while doing such activities.

 

HAPPY READING THIS ARTICLE ON YOUR SMARTPHONE J

 

By: Ovais Asad Khan

Pakistan under Trammel of Poverty

              

Besides many other issues that hamper the growth and development of Pakistan, Poverty is considered the most evident and major issue for the government of Pakistan, affecting millions of people across the country. Before we will discuss poverty being a big issue in proving a peaceful and comfortable life to the population of Pakistan, it is essential that we should understand what Poverty means. Poverty is about not having enough money to meet basic needs including food, clothing, and shelter. Poverty refers to the lack of adequate financial resources such that individuals, households, and entire communities don't have the means to subsist or acquire the basic necessities for a flourishing life. This means being so poor as to struggle to obtain food, clothing, shelter, and medicines.

We can define poverty as the condition where the basic needs of a family, like food, shelter, clothing, and education are not fulfilled. It can lead to other problems like poor literacy, unemployment, malnutrition, etc. A poor person is not able to get an education due to a lack of money and therefore remains unemployed. Poverty can also limit access to educational and employment opportunities, which further contributes to income inequality and perpetuates the cyclical effects of poverty. Unmet social needs, environmental factors, and barriers to accessing health care contribute to worse health outcomes for people with lower incomes.

                

In Pakistan Poverty is a fact of life for most of its people. The main cause of Pakistan's poverty rate is the fact that many Pakistanis lack basic human rights. Many Pakistanis, often women and children, are begging in the streets throughout their country. Pakistan faces two types of poverty:

1: Absolute poverty in Pakistan: It refers to a situation where individuals or households lack access to basic necessities, such as food, clean water, shelter, and healthcare. It is a condition whereby people are unable to meet their basic needs and live below the poverty line. In Pakistan, poverty is a significant issue, and a considerable portion of the population lives in absolute poverty.

2: Relative poverty in Pakistan: It simply refers to a situation where an individual or a family's income or standard of living is below the average income or standard of living in their society.

Despite various efforts by the government and non-governmental organizations, poverty remains a pressing issue in Pakistan. Here I will discuss the causes and consequences of poverty in Pakistan, as well as some possible solutions.

Causes of Poverty in Pakistan: There are several factors that contribute to poverty in Pakistan.

1: First and foremost, the country is facing a severe economic crisis, which has led to high rates of unemployment and inflation.

2: Furthermore, the lack of investment in infrastructure, education, and healthcare has made it difficult for people to find decent jobs and access basic services.

3: Another major factor is the high population growth rate, which has put a strain on the country's resources and made it difficult for the government to provide basic services to everyone.

4: Additionally, the country has been plagued by political instability and corruption, which has further weakened its economy and made it difficult to address poverty.

Consequences of Poverty in Pakistan:

The consequences of poverty in Pakistan are severe, affecting not only the poor but also the country as a whole. Poverty has led to a lack of access to clean water, sanitation, and healthcare, which has resulted in high rates of infant mortality and disease. Additionally, poverty has led to a lack of education and job opportunities, which has perpetuated the cycle of poverty and made it difficult for people to improve their economic situation. Moreover, poverty has also contributed to social unrest and violence in the country. Crime rates are high in the most poverty-stricken areas, as people resort to illegal means to make ends meet.

To address poverty in Pakistan, several measures need to be taken. The government needs to invest in infrastructure, education, and healthcare, which will create jobs and provide basic services to the people. Additionally, the government needs to focus on controlling population growth, which will help to alleviate the strain on the country's resources. Moreover, there is a need to address corruption and promote political stability, which will attract more foreign investment and create a conducive environment for economic growth. Lastly, the government needs to promote social welfare programs that provide assistance to the most vulnerable sections of society. Conclusion: In conclusion, poverty remains a major challenge for Pakistan. While the government and non-governmental organizations are working towards alleviating poverty, much more needs to be done to address this issue. Poverty not only affects the poor but also has severe consequences for the country as a whole. Therefore, it is essential that all stakeholders work together to find solutions to this pressing issue.

Possible Solutions: There are numerous ways that Pakistan can work towards alleviating poverty in the future. The government needs to invest in infrastructure, education, and healthcare, which will create jobs and provide basic services to the people. Here are a few suggestions which may result in poverty elevation & reduction in Pakistan:

a. Increasing access to education: Education is one of the most powerful tools for reducing poverty, as it provides people with the skills and knowledge, they need to improve their lives. By improving access to education in Pakistan, particularly for girls and women, we can help to break the cycle of poverty.

                             

 b. Creating job opportunities: In order to reduce poverty, we need to create more job opportunities, particularly in the rural areas of Pakistan. This can be achieved through the promotion of small and medium-sized enterprises, investment in infrastructure, and the development of new industries.

c. Providing social protection: Many of the poorest people in Pakistan lack social protection, such as access to healthcare, housing, and other basic services. By providing social protection programs, we can help to support these vulnerable communities and reduce poverty.

d. Empowering women: One of the key drivers of poverty in Pakistan is gender inequality. By empowering women through education, training, and access to economic opportunities, we can help to reduce poverty and improve the overall well-being of communities. These are just a few of the solutions that can be implemented to address absolute poverty in Pakistan. By working together and implementing these measures, we can help to create a more just and equitable society for all.

e. Promoting economic growth: The government can promote economic growth by investing in infrastructure, attracting foreign investment, and creating an enabling environment for businesses to thrive.

f. Providing access to basic services: Access to basic services such as healthcare, clean water, and sanitation can go a long way in reducing poverty.

                    

g. Social safety nets: The government can provide social assistance to those who are unable to meet their basic needs. Social safety nets can take the form of cash transfers, food subsidies, or other forms of social assistance.

h. Encouraging Entrepreneurship: Encouraging entrepreneurship and small business growth can help create more jobs and boost the economy. Providing support and resources to small businesses can help them grow and create more job opportunities.

i. Improvements in infrastructure such as roads, electricity, and water supply can help increase economic activity and improve living standards. This can lead to more job opportunities and a reduction in poverty.

j. Promoting Financial Inclusion: Providing access to financial services such as savings accounts, insurance, and credit can help reduce poverty by allowing individuals to save, invest, and access financial resources to build their businesses and improve their livelihoods.

In short, we can say that there is no magic solution to poverty reduction, but by implementing some of these strategies, Pakistan can work towards a more prosperous and equitable future for all. Let’s pray that “May Allah bless our country economically and may we have political stability in the country so that we get rid of the curse of poverty and may the people of Pakistan life a comfortable life and come out of the shackles of aid and loans.” Long live Pakistan!!!!!

By: OVAIS ASAD KHAN 

Pakistan’s Economic Turmoil

Pakistan, a country of more than 250 million people enriched with all sorts of natural resources and minerals, is blessed with 4 full blooming seasons unfortunately, it has been under economic crisis and turmoil since its independence. There are several reasons why an economy may experience a period of economic plight. Some of the common causes include a decrease in consumer spending, a decline in business investment, weak international trade, high inflation, political instability, and natural disasters, among others. Additionally, economic policies and decisions made by government officials can sometimes have unintended consequences that negatively impact the economy. However, by implementing sound economic policies and encouraging responsible business practices, it is possible to mitigate the effects of economic hardship and promote long-term growth and stability.

Since its Independence Pakistan's economy is facing several challenges, including political instability, corruption, a weak tax system, low human development indicators, an energy crisis, and a lack of foreign investment. The country has also struggled with a large trade deficit, high inflation rates, and a reliance on imports. Additionally, the COVID-19 pandemic severely impacted Pakistan's economy, causing a decline in revenue and an increase in unemployment. However, the government and various stakeholders are working on implementing policies and measures to improve the economic situation, address these issues, and promote economic growth through initiatives like the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) and the National Financial Inclusion Strategy (NFIS).

Talking about the poor economic situation of Pakistan there are several economic indicators and factors that affect Pakistan's economy. Gross Domestic Product (GDP), inflation rate, exchange rate, interest rate, and balance of payments are some of the key economic indicators that are closely monitored by policymakers, analysts, and investors. In addition to these indicators, other factors that can impact Pakistan's economy include political stability, regulatory environment, infrastructure development, energy crisis, foreign investment, and international trade policies. These factors can impact the country's economic growth, job creation, business opportunities, and overall investment climate. Let’s briefly take them one by one:

Declining Gross Domestic Product:    

                                     

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is a way of measuring the economic activity of a country. It represents the total monetary value of all the goods and services produced within a country's borders during a specific period, periodically a year. GDP is often used as an indicator of the economic health and growth potential of a country. According to the latest data available, the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of Pakistan for this year is expected to be around USD 264 billion. it has been reported that Pakistan is facing some challenges with its GDP. However, with the support of the government and continuous efforts from various sectors, the country is working towards improving its economy.

Surging Inflation Rate:    

As we all know that Inflation rate is the rate at which the general level of prices for goods and services is rising over some time, typically measured on an annual basis. Pakistan's inflation rate has been a major issue for the country in recent years. The current inflation rate in Pakistan is in double digits. This means that prices of goods and services are increasing at a very high rate. Many factors contribute to inflation in Pakistan. One of the main causes is the devaluation of the Pakistani rupee., with that it becomes more expensive to import goods, which in turn causes prices to rise. Additionally, Pakistan has faced a shortfall in the production of goods, which has led to higher prices. To address inflation, the government has taken several measures such as increasing interest rates, reducing import duties on essential commodities, and imposing price controls on certain products. However, these measures have not been enough to bring down inflation to a desirable level. The government needs to implement effective policies that can address the root causes of inflation, while also taking into account the needs of the general public.

Depreciating Exchange Rate:  

        

There are several issues related to the exchange rate that Pakistan is currently facing. One of the main concerns is the depreciation of the Pakistani Rupee against major currencies such as the US Dollar, Euro, and British Pound. This has led to an increase in the cost of imported goods, which ultimately contributed to inflation. Another issue is the large current account deficit, which means that Pakistan is borrowing heavily to meet its import requirements. This has put pressure on the country's foreign exchange reserves, which could further weaken the value of the Pakistani Rupee if the situation persists.

High-Interest Rate:      

Recently the interest rates in Pakistan are skyrocketing. There can be several reasons for high-interest rates in Pakistan. One of the main reasons can be inflation. When inflation is high, the Central Bank increases the interest rates to control the money supply. Another reason can be the government's borrowing needs. When the government borrows a lot of money, it puts pressure on the interest rates. Additionally, political instability, low foreign investment, and a weak currency can also contribute to high-interest rates. With these high-interest rates, borrowing becomes more expensive for businesses and consumers, which can lead to a decrease in spending and investment, resulting in slowing economic growth. High-interest rates can also lead to a decrease in borrowing, spending, and in the supply of money in the economy. Eventually leading to higher prices for goods and services, which can be particularly challenging for low-income individuals and families. Overall, high-interest rates can have a complex and far-reaching impact on Pakistan's economy, and it's important for policymakers to carefully consider the potential consequences of any decisions related to interest rates.

Deficit Balance of Payment:       

                

Knowing that the Balance of Payment is an important measure of a country's economic health. Pakistan is currently facing a deficit Balance of Payment situation, which can negatively impact Pakistan’s economy. A deficit means that the country is spending more on imports than it is earning from exports and other sources which eventually leads to a shortage of foreign currency, which can in turn cause inflation and reduce the value of the local currency. To address this, Pakistan may need to take measures to boost exports, reduce imports, or attract more foreign investment.

Political Instability: 

Unfortunately, Pakistan is prone to Political instability from its very existence, having a significant impact on Pakistan’s economy. Some of the potential impacts and outcomes of such political instability include 1. Reduced foreign investment: Political instability can create an environment of uncertainty and risk, which can make foreign investors hesitant to invest in the country. 2. Disruptive policies: Political instability can lead to changes in government policies, which can be disruptive to businesses and markets. 3. Economic slowdown: Political instability can lead to an economic slowdown as investors and businesses wait for stability before investing and making decisions. 4. Social unrest: Political instability can also lead to social unrest, which can have negative impacts on businesses and the economy.

To counter this situation some potential solutions to political instability and its impact on Pakistan’s economy include: 1. Encouraging political stability: Efforts to encourage political stability, such as improving governance and reducing corruption, can help to create a more stable environment for businesses and investors. 2. Promoting foreign investment: Encouraging foreign investment through policies that protect investors and promote economic growth can help to increase economic activity in the country. 3. Diversifying the economy: Promoting economic diversification can help reduce political instability's impact on specific industries and sectors. 4. Strengthening social safety nets: Strengthening social safety nets can help to mitigate the impact of economic slowdowns and social unrest on vulnerable populations.

Energy Crisis:       

The energy crisis in Pakistan has had a significant impact on the country's economy. The power shortages have resulted in a decline in industrial production, which has led to lower exports, higher unemployment, and a decline in the overall economic growth rate. To solve this issue, Pakistan needs to focus on developing alternative sources of energy, such as solar and wind power. In addition, the country needs to improve its energy infrastructure by investing in the transmission and distribution system. The government can also encourage the private sector to invest in energy by providing incentives and subsidies. Another solution is to encourage energy conservation. This can be done by educating the public about the importance of energy conservation and by implementing energy-efficient policies for buildings and appliances.

Negligible Foreign Investment:           

The impact of negligible foreign investment on Pakistan's economy can be significant. Without foreign investment, Pakistan's economy may struggle to grow and develop. Foreign investment brings in new capital, which can be used to build new businesses, create jobs, and invest in new technologies or infrastructure. Without this investment, Pakistan may not be able to keep up with its global competitors, and its economy may stagnate.

The easiest solution to this problem is to actively encourage foreign investment. This can be done by creating a business-friendly environment, reducing bureaucracy, and offering tax incentives to foreign investors. Pakistan could improve its infrastructure, such as roads, ports, and airports, to make transporting goods and resources easier for foreign investors. Thirdly focus on building up local businesses and industries. By supporting local entrepreneurs, Pakistan can create new jobs and stimulate economic growth from within. This can also help attract foreign investment, as local businesses can serve as partners or suppliers to foreign firms.

There is no doubt that the condition of Pakistan’s economy is in very bad shape There are different ways to manage the declining economy of Pakistan. Some steps that can be taken to improve Pakistan's economy include implementing policies that promote investment and trade, reducing corruption, improving infrastructure, and investing in education and technology. Promoting entrepreneurship and small business development could lead to job creation and economic growth. With the right strategies and determination, positive changes can be made to improve Pakistan's economy. Some suggestions doe improving depleting economy of Pakistan are:       

1. Promote exports: Encourage businesses to export their products to new markets. This will help bring in foreign exchange and create jobs.

2. Attract foreign investment: Offer incentives to foreign investors to invest in Pakistan. This will create jobs and stimulate the economy.

3. Support small businesses: Provide financial and technical support to small businesses. This will help them grow and create more jobs.

4. Reduce corruption: Implement policies to reduce corruption in government and business. This will increase investor confidence and attract more investment.

5. Improve infrastructure: Invest in infrastructure projects such as roads, bridges, and airports. This will help businesses operate more efficiently and attract more investment.

6. Increase tax revenues: Implement a fair and effective tax system to increase government revenues. This will help fund social programs and infrastructure projects.

7. Improve education and healthcare: Invest in education and healthcare to improve the quality of life for citizens and attract more investment.

With these few ideas government & people of Pakistan will hopefully be able in a position to manage the declining economy of Pakistan. However, it will require a concerted effort from the government, businesses, and citizens to turn things around in a positive direction. 

By: Ovais Asad Khan